2024年上海成人高考高起点英语备考重点：代词(二)

　　2024年全国成人高考考试时间预计为2024年10月19-20日，上海成考帮考前辅导平台提醒各位考生提前进行复习，科学备考。此外，上海成考帮考前辅导平台为帮助各位考生更有效的复习，将逐步对各层次、各科目的复习重点进行整理发布，以供考生参考。本次更新内容为2024年上海成人高考高起点英语备考重点：代词(二),各位考生可以收藏起来,方便备考哦。

　　代词包括：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。

　　一、不定代词

　　不定代词包括both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every构成的合成代词。

　　(一)both， either， neither

　　both 表示“两者(都)”，either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”，neither表示“(两者之中)没有一个”。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。

　　My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work play.(be good at 擅长做某事)

　　Neither of the answers is right.

　　Either of the books belongs to you.

　　You I are both to blame.

　　You both agreed to stay.

　　Both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。

　　(二)all， none， no， one

　　all和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示“全部都”和“一个都没有”，none往往与of连用。

　　All of us are fond of sports. (be fond of 爱好)

　　We are all for him. (be for sb 支持某人)

　　Grasp all， lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(谚)

　　None of them know how to read write.

　　None of them has had that kind of experience.

　　no表示“没有”，在句子中只能作定语，相当于not a 或not any，not否定动词，no否定名词。

　　Time tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。(谚)

　　I'm no dancer. (I'm not a dancer.)

　　one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。

　　Your answer is a good one.

　　I don't like coloured envelopes. I like white ones.

　　(三)each， every

　　each 和every表示“每一个”，every 在句子中只能作定语，each 可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。

　　The headshook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手)

　　The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 节约)

　　From each according to his ability， to each according to his needs(work)。各尽所能，按需分配。

　　I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well.

　　There is every possibility of our winning the game.

　　every 还常用在every little while (每隔一会)，every other day， every three days(每隔两天)，every ten miles(每隔十英里)， every now then (不时)，every four years， every other line， one out of every three students.

　　(四)few， a few， little， a little， many， much

　　few， a few， many 修饰或指代可数名词，little， a little， much修饰或指代不可数名词。few， little表示否定，a few， a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。

　　Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。(谚)

　　Few words are best. 话少最好。(谚)

　　They don't take much interest in it.

　　I know little about it.

　　There's a little water left in the jar.

　　Few of them have been to India.

　　I've read a few books written by Dickens.

　　(五)other， the other， others， the others， another

　　Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan， the others from America.

　　Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan， others were from America.

　　The United States， unlike many other countries， receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world.

　　The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other.(so……that 如此以至于 tell sb. from 区分)

　　The task will be finished in another three days.

　　Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others?

　　Please give me another example to illustrate your point.

　　二、it的用法

　　it作为人称代词，常用来表示动物或无生命的物体等。此外，它在句子中只充当句子中形式上的成分，如形式主语、宾语、表语等，这时，it并不具有自身的意义与内容。it也可以作为无人称代词。

　　1、it最基本的用法是人称代词，主要用来表示刚提到的东西以避免重复。

　　The car accelerated as it overtook me.那辆汽车一加速就超过了我。

　　The action of salt on ice causes it to melt.盐作用于冰而使其融化。

　　2、也可代表抽象的事物It was acclaimed as a great discovery.它被誉为一次伟大的发现。

　　Will you pay cash or should I charge it to your account ?您愿意付现金还是计入您的账?

　　3、也可指动物或未知性别的婴儿

　　- Is this your dog ?- No,it isn’t.

　　Her baby is due next month,she hopes it will be a boy.她怀的孩子应该下月出生，她希望是个男孩儿。

　　The baby next door kept me awake,it cried all night.隔壁的孩子整夜哭，吵得我睡不着。

　　三、疑问代词

　　疑问代词包括what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。 What， which， who在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。如：

　　Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one? (宾语)

　　What's your sister?(表语)

　　The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引导定从句)

　　The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引导定从句)

　　I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引导宾语从句)

　　疑问代词what， which， who， whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如：

　　Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?谁这么深更半夜来找人?

　　I'll say whatever comes into my head.

　　Take whichever book you like.